Keywords: Industry 4.0
Abstract: Manufacturing efficiency is more and more often defined not only as the capacity for low-cost production of specified quality products, but also as the capacity for quick execution of variable and low-volume orders at reduced manufacturing costs. In this context, special attention is paid to the problems of modeling, performance evaluation and design of multimodal networks expressing their cyclic nature. One of the major challenges in design of DSS aimed at different infrastructure domains supporting energy, money, data and material flows as well as passenger transfers media in their flow through the chain of different modes, is the reduction of logistics costs occurring in the course of the passing through the chain of different modes. This talk focuses on work over the last 10 years by a variety of groups interested in rigorous specification and systematic synthesis of decision-making models. Implementation of well-known declarative/algebraic modelling-driven approach enabled us to provide new approaches to solving these problems. A major shift is the move from “design then verify” to “specify then synthesize” approaches to DSS design that allow simultaneous synthesis of high-performance, robust cyclic schedules and correct-by-construction cyclic steady states reachability procedures. This talk will provide an overview of the relevant theories and techniques applied in this area, as well as include examples of their application to leveling of multi-batch production flows and robust routing/scheduling of supply chains.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Smart Grids
Abstract: This work proposes the implementation of a droop control methodology (P-W and Q-E) for active and reactive power sharing, to stabilizing an isolated microgrid, ie ensuring nominal voltage and frequency. The system is composed basically of three DG units, a local load, and a grid model. Is an objective either, show an enhanced active and reactive power sharing for effective regulation of voltage and frequency, under load changes conditions when the microgrid is islanded. These topologies controller are implemented in a just one Distributed Generation (DG 3), that characterize how a contribution this work in comparison another research, that applied the same system control in all DG unit in parallel. Thus, simulation results demonstrate the operation of this system and can be used as validation of the proposed control strategies.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: This work presents the state-space average modeling of the low frequency off-line LED driver based on the boost pre-regulator converter with an LC filter output. The small signal modeling of the converter was derived. A control strategy of the current through the LED arrangement is also proposed. The converter was designed to supply power to a street lighting LED luminaire. The LED driver prototype was able to present a high power factor (PF) and a low total harmonic distortion (THD). The output power of the LED driver was 186 W with 93 % efficiency, when fed by 220 V, 60 Hz mains. The modeling presented in this paper aimed to seek a more precise derivation of the control to output transfer function, i. e., the transfer function concerning the output current and the duty cycle switch parameter. The paper also provides details of the frequency domain design of the current compensator by employing the improved transfer function. The compensator must perform two main tasks, which are the output luminous control (dimming feature) and the rejection of input voltage disturbances. In addition, the compensator transfer function was discretized for future implementation in a microcontroller. Simulation results of the digital compensator in open-loop and closed-loop are presented to validate the small signal modeling and to observe the dynamic response of the proposed compensator.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Smart Grids, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: This work presents a model of the three-phase three-wire MMC that considers the coupling between the arm currents. Additionally, it also presents a novel decoupled fixed frequency control strategy in the ABC frame, for a three-phase three-wire grid connected MMC, which separately: i) regulates the sum of the upper and lower arm DC voltages, for each converter phase, ii) tracks the grid currents and iii) balances the individual SM DC voltages. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is confirmed by simulation results.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Systems, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: This paper presents an hysteresis band current controller for a five-level inverter of AC load. The converter is based on a two three-level legs bridge structure usually referred as NPC Type G inverter. The advantages of hysteresis band controller over traditional PWM techniques among others are direct machine torque control of ac drive, inverter current limitation and protection in short circuit and fault conditions, a more natural choice of switching strategy for STATCOM, SVG, etc. Although being easier implemented for two level converters a multilevel implementation of hysteresis controller presents some complexity which progressively increases with the number of levels. In this paper it is discussed and evaluated an appropriate implementation of a hysteresis band regulator for a five-level NPC Type G inverter. Simulation tests and results for the proposed ideas are presented and evaluated throughout the paper. They confirm the proposed ideas.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Systems, Renewable Energy
Abstract: This paper presents the main methods that are used to obtain the characteristic curves of photovoltaic sources. Given the importance of the I-V curve layout, the general characteristics of an equipment used for these purposes are described. A review of the studies and developments made for this purpose is presented, grouped according to the type of variable load used. Finally, a comparison is made between the previously described methods with the aim of highlighting the advantages or limitations of the different loads under different situations.

Keywords: Power Electronics
Abstract: The solid state transformer (SST) standard concept utilizes a three-stage solution. The DC-DC stage provides the medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) sides with isolation requirements in medium frequency (MF). These DC ports allows a hybrid distribution system and can integrate renewable energy sources into the grid. A single-stage solution is possible with the Matrix converter, however, DC ports are not available. This paper proposes a new single-phase single-stage bidirectional AC-AC converter topology with MV and LV DC ports available, employing reduced switch count compared with the single-phase three-stage solution. The converter utilizes the interleaved and dual-active bridge (DAB) concept. The MV side employs the neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter and for the LV side are presented two alternatives, half-bridge (HB) and full-bridge (FB) configuration. The FB configuration is analysed. At AC ports there are five-level voltages, and the current frequency of the low-pass filter inductors is twice the switching frequency. A carrier-based pulse-width-modulation (CB-PWM) is proposed as well as control strategy. The converter power flow is analysed. Simulation results in closed loop operation demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter. The simulations are performed in multiple scenarios with the prototype parameters.

Keywords: Power Systems, Power Quality, Renewable Energy
Abstract: With the worldwide growth of distributed generation (DG), specially photovoltaic (PV), several studies discussed about the impacts on voltage profile of distribution feeders. However, they do not apply the actual Brazilian electricity regulation for DG and PV systems, and the results are presented in a common way. This paper aims to study the voltage profile of IEEE 13-Node Radial Test Feeder with high PV penetration level under electricity regulation from Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) and Brazilian National Electrical System Operator (ONS). The results are presented in a three-dimensional graphic, making the interpretation easier. The study is conducted simulating a residential region at noon where the PV generation is maximum and the consumer units consumption is on a medium level, making a scenario of 200% of PV penetration level. The PV generators, attending ANEEL and ONS requirements, has the ability to operate in fixed inductive or capacitive power factor (pf). A capacitive pf operation raises the node voltages by 4.0%, in average, with maximum of 12.7%. On other hand, inductive pf operation drops the node voltages by 0.5%, in average, with maximum voltage raise of 1.3% and maximum voltage drop of 2.0%. These results shows that PV generators operating with fixed pf may cause voltage issues impacting directly on electricity quality levels. A central control or PV inverters with smart control can mitigate these problems.

Keywords: Power Quality, Renewable Energy, Power Electronics
Abstract: This paper assesses a method of locating the source of voltage sags based on the power flow behavior at the point of common coupling (PCC) between systems. With the information of voltages and currents flowing in the interconnection transformers, the method is a suitable solution to locate the source of faults using a set of Boolean logic. The method is tested with the integration of a wind farm that remains connected through the appropriate control of its power converters during contingencies on the IEEE 34 node test feeder with distributed and spot loads, single-phase lines and distributed generation in parallel using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Comparative tests are performed between the system with and without the power electronics interfaced generation, observing its dynamic response to the required Low voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements and verifying the robustness and efficiency of the localization method.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Smart Grids
Abstract: Utilization of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar photovoltaic has been increasing in the last decades due to high energy demand, elevated pollution and the continuous decrease in fuel reserves. Renewable sources are generally intermittent and variable, therefore energy storage systems have been developed to meet user needs. This scenario led to the concept of microgrid, which is related to the combination of loads, micro-sources and storage devices in a network element that is part of the complex electrical system. More recently, the idea of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid has been proposed and consists in separating AC and DC elements of the microgrid in order to reduce power losses and simplify the control strategy. In this paper, bottom-up methodology is used to design a hybrid AC/DC microgrid. It begins with a simple battery-converter-load system, and ends with a hybrid microgrid formed by two battery banks, a photovoltaic array, AC and DC loads, as well as five power converters. The converters are modeled and controlled by using well-known methods, and the design approach is validated through several simulations under changes in reference and load power.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Electronics, Smart Grids
Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid MPPT algorithm with variable step size based on the conventional methods of Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC). The proposed method is compared with conventional methods and with some methods presented in the literature. The simulation results of the proposed algorithm is applied to a panel with a flyback micro-inverter connected to the grid show high efficiency in energy tracking, fast and stable response to different irradiance and temperature conditions.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract: Since 2015 the dispatch of thermal power plants for electricity generation in the Brazilian electric power grid has been increasing and, initially, this kind of generation should be used only as a complement to the main generation source, the hydroelectric. In the long-term, the use of thermoelectric plants can cause major problems in the health sector and, consequently, increase government spending on public health. The health problems arising from thermoelectric plants occur due to the quantity and severity of the pollutants they emit. Health costs related to air pollution are mostly associated with respiratory and circulatory systems diseases. These costs are financed by the Federal, State and Municipal governments. This study developed a software which assesses the damage caused to human health due to the dispatch of thermoelectric power plants, as well as the financial impacts on Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), stratifying them into Federal, State and Municipal governments. As a way to reduce the dispatch of thermoelectric power plants and consequently their health damages and related government expenditures, this study proposes a method to encourage mini and micro distributed generation with the use of renewable energies.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Smart Grids, Power Quality
Abstract: Solar irradiance is a fundamental component for the conversion of solar energy, since it expresses the potential to generate energy in a certain area of the earth’s surface. Thus, understanding the irradiance levels of a certain place is essential to determine the solar generation potential. The most used incidence irradiance meters are: thermopile pyranometer, photodiode and pyrheliometer. Although these sensors measure with a high sensitivity, they present high costs of acquisition, as well as of maintenance. Thus, photosensitive technologies such as Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors may be alternatives to these instruments. Therefore, a low-cost project with measures compatible with conventional solar irradiance meters is proposed in this work. A calibration of the LDR sensors will be done, based on a photodiode pyranometer. Thus, statistical analyzes of regressions between the collected points are done from the data collected via datalogger. Different values of resistance in the acquisition circuit, indicate better readings for different ranges of solar irradiance. The results show the validity of the system based on statistical analyzes performed through relative errors and correlation.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Power Electronics, Power Quality
Abstract: This paper aims to present a tests platform for three-phase induction motors. The platform has resistant and adjustable base, allowing to be studied motors until 5 cv, with different types of motor housing. The acquisition and monitoring data such as voltage, current, power, speed, torque, and others, is made with precision and reliability, and with safety for people and equipment guarantee. The use of a programmable power allows to realize tests simulating various operating situations.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Artificial Intelligence, Industry Applications
Abstract: Os motores de indução trifásico (MIT) representam uma das cargas mais significativas de um sistema elétrico, demandando assim uma grande porção da energia gerada. Na maioria dos casos, essas máquinas trabalham com uma carga abaixo de sua carga nominal, o que acarreta em redução da eficiência. Para contornar esse problema, técnicas de controle que otimizam o gasto energético são capazes de reduzir o consumo por meio da diminuição do fluxo. Entretanto, essas técnicas necessitam do conhecimento preciso dos parâmetros do MIT. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é estimar os valores dos parâmetros de um MIT com base nos dados de corrente e velocidade medidos e utilizando um modelo dinâmico do MIT. Para isso, é utilizado um algoritmo PSO cujo objetivo é minimizar o erro entre os valores de velocidade e corrente medidos e os estimados pelo modelo. Esse algoritmo foi executado 10 vezes e a partir dos resultados obtidos, foi extraído o valor médio e os desvios padrões. Os valores médios foram então aplicados ao modelo e a soma dos erros quadráticos médios das correntes e da velocidade obtido foi de 0,0423, o que mostra aproximação dos valores estimados em relação aos medidos.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract: Transformadores de potência geralmente são os ativos de maior custo em um sistema elétrico, além de serem críticos à operação do sistema ou de uma indústria em que uma parada não programada pode trazer enorme prejuízo financeiro e ao processo. Assim, a detecção de falhas incipientes e verificação da condição do equipamento se fazem primordiais e podem ser alcançadas através da realização periódica de ensaios e testes. A manutenção preventiva e preditiva de transformadores elétricos com a aplicação de técnicas convencionais para análise de gases dissolvidos em óleo isolante é capaz de indicar o tipo de falha: sobreaquecimentos, descargas parciais de baixa intensidade entre outras, contudo não identificam a causa raiz dos efeitos diagnosticados. Diante disso, tem-se a possibilidade de maiores ganhos aliando o diagnóstico preditivo à técnica de busca pela causa raiz da falha, visando a obtenção de diagnósticos mais aprofundados. Para tanto, este trabalho propõe metodologia de acompanhamento e investigação de falhas em transformadores onde, conjuntamente, a busca pela causa raiz e as técnicas preditivas possam ter melhores resultados evitando a repetição do problema ou antecipando-se a falha em outro equipamento similar. A metodologia proposta é empregada em um estudo de caso real, mostrando sua maior eficiência em relação às técnicas convencionais de diagnóstico.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Industry Applications, Power Electronics
Abstract: A crescente demanda por fontes renováveis de energia e sua inserção no sistema elétrico de potência tem motivado diversos trabalhos na área de controle aplicado em microrredes. Dentre as técnicas de controle existentes, a máquina síncrona virtual (MSV) têm tido grande interesse nos últimos anos. A MSV consiste de um conversor controlado que emula, com certa fidelidade, as dinâmicas de uma máquina síncrona real através de malhas de controle de frequência e fluxo. Nesse trabalho, a MSV conhecida como synchronverter é modificada por meio da adição de controladores por curvas de decaimento (ou controle de droop) baseado em filtros de washout. As correntes do conversor são melhoradas de forma a obter melhor resposta em regime transitório. O projeto da constante de tempo dos filtros de washout é obtido de acordo com os parâmetros da MSV. Uma nova grandeza denominada quorte, recentemente introduzida na literatura, é usada ao invés da potência reativa para gerar o fluxo da MSV. O quorte é relacionado com a potência reativa da mesma forma que o torque é relacionado com potência ativa. São apresentados resultados de simulação para demonstrar o bom desempenho da estratégia de controle proposta.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Industry Applications, Power Electronics
Abstract: Este trabalho propõe o uso da plataforma sbRIO GPIC para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de prototipagem rápida de controle de motores elétricos. O sistema é composto por um software, desenvolvido em ambiente LabView, por unidades condicionadoras de sinal e de potência, pela plataforma sbRIO GPIC e por um microcomputador. O sistema proposto foi validado através de resultados experimentais obtidos usando um motor de síncrono de relutância com controle vetorial.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: A energia eólica hoje em dia é uma das fontes de energia renovável mais rentáveis. Seu custo caiu de forma constante ao longo dos últimos anos, conforme a tecnologia da turbina eólica avançou. Nos parques eólicos, a quantidade e a altura dos equipamentos, o local onde estão instalados e a tendência de colocá-los offshore exige o monitoramento contínuo do equipamento à distância. A tecnologia de conversão de energia eólica em elétrica com geradores de ímãs permanentes é amplamente utilizada, apesar desta máquina ser uma das mais recentes no mercado e, por isso, com métodos de caracterização pouco padronizados. O objetivo deste trabalho é monitorar a temperatura dos ímãs que formam o campo rotórico de um PMSG durante a operação normal, de modo a proteger o equipamento de possíveis desmagnetizações destes ímãs. A intenção não é inserir nenhum dispositivo de monitoramento, mas somente medindo a tensão gerada do PMSG. O método foi validado por resultados experimentais. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de usar a tensão induzida numa derivação do enrolamento da máquina para detectar uma tendência de desmagnetização dos ímãs do PMSG.

Keywords: Cybernetic Systems, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: The world’s coffee agribusiness is worth US 91 billion annually and involves half a billion people. It is in this gigantic market that the interest of the Brazilian coffee production chain is centered, which contributed with more than 30% of the world production in the last harvests. The coffee market is characterized by a range of activities of enormous complexity, dynamism, and a growing level of consumer demand for beverage quality. This imposes high quality control on producer, consumer and exporter countries. Currently, the definition of quality and hence the value of coffee is based on manual grading, ie a person performs the role of a trained (certified) classifier to qualify coffee samples. Thus, the current process of classification of coffee suffers from the subjectivity of the classifiers and a great difficulty of standardization of the process due to possible inconsistencies. The present work proposes the use of an MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) Neural Network for analysis of coffee beans samples by digital image analysis, in order to increase the speed and reduce the subjectivities involved in the current manual classification process, considering: shape, size and color. Among the benefits of the automation of the coffee classification process are the reduction of costs, the agility and the standardization of the classification.

Keywords: Smart Grids, Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Smart grids are becoming increasingly closer to consumers, especially residential consumers, bringing with them a wide range of possibilities. The level of information obtained on a smart grid will be much higher when compared to a traditional network and at this point, more informed consumers tend to consume more efficiently, bringing benefits to themselves and to the system. An interesting fact for control within a residence is forecasting consumption, allowing the consumer to know in advance how much to consume up to a certain period. Artificial neural networks are one of several methods used to forecast time series, however, require a high volume of historical data for the training of the network, given that these may not be accessible or even exist. At this point, the objective of this work is to evaluate the use of load curves obtained through computational tools for the pre-training of artificial neural networks used in consumption forecast. A tool is used to create random load curves according to the region and socioeconomic characteristics. The load curves are transformed into cumulative consumption curves and used as training vectors of the artificial neural network. The results of the tests were very promising, they showed that the pre-training with the virtual data makes possible the forecast of the time series even in the absence of real data for the training, showing that the methodology developed has great potential of application in works related to the forecast consumption.

Keywords: Power Systems, Smart Grids
Abstract: Understanding energy consumption patterns is a very important task for a good operation of power system, such patterns can be studied through the history of load curves of a given system. In this study is proposed a methodology for classification of load curves based on the similarities of the patterns presented over the days of the week in which they were generated. For this, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to perform the pattern recognition of load curves. The results show that the algorithm was able to find typical behaviors in the set of analyzed curves, classifying curves with similar patterns in matching groups.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract:

Keywords: Power Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data in Industry Applications
Abstract: As faltas em sistemas elétricos de distribuição constituem uma preocupação constante, visto que índices mínimos de qualidade de energia devem ser atendidos. Ressalta-se, entretanto, que os sistemas de distribuição vêm passando por mudanças e uma grande quantidade de informações está disponível atualmente. Nesse sentido, surgem novas possibilidades de ferramentas e esquemas inteligentes para a proteção de sistemas de distribuição. Considerando este cenário, este trabalho propõe um método baseado em Redes Neurais Artificiais para detectar e classificar faltas em sistemas de distribuição. Para desenvolver e avaliar o esquema proposto, simulações de falta são executadas no sistema IEEE de 34 barras, onde sinais de tensão e corrente são coletados em pontos estratégicos do sistema. Os resultados mostram uma taxa de acerto que pode chegar a mais de 99% dos casos. O método utilizado responde adequadamente diante de diferentes valores de resistência de falta e pode ser empregado como complemento de ferramentas de localização de faltas, proteção inteligente, entre outras aplicações.

Keywords: Robotics and Mechatronics, Industry 4.0
Abstract: Industry 4.0 brings with it a series of innovations that are benefiting the agroindustry sector, innovations such as internet of things, techniques of machine learning and deep learning, these tools compose an area of knowledge that is gaining more and more relevance in our day to day, which is Big Data. In this article one of the most recent Deep Learning techniques, convolutional neural networks will be applied to the task of classification of weeds, soy bean and soil. Thus, using this technique to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of these architectures for the proposed challenge of the agroindustry sector.

Keywords—Agroindustry, Industry 4.0, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Big Data

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Industry Applications
Abstract: This paper presents a study of estimation techniques applied to power MOSFET switching losses. Three loss prediction methods are, then, chosen for this proposal. In this context, the first one uses simple equations to describe the switching transient. The second estimation technique is an improved version of the previous one as it considers the variations regarding reverse transfer capacitance of the device and, finally, the third one adopts the insertion of stray capacitances and inductances. The aforementioned methods are briefly revised and validated concerning results obtained from experimental tests using double pulse circuit, where aspects such as complexity and relative error are investigated.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Electrical Machines and Drives, Industry Applications
Abstract: Transformer’s modelling is extremely important for its correct design to attend the demands of each particular application. High-voltage transformers are heavy and bulky, because of the large magnetic cores and present large secondary capacitance, due to the elevate number of turns to support the high voltage levels. The high-frequency operation reduces the volume and weight of magnetic devices, but can increase the parasitic effects manifestation. This paper presents and compare two lumped models, to predict the steady-state behavior of high-voltage high-frequency transformers. The models are analyzed in terms of simplicity and adequation in predicting the real behavior.

Keywords: Power Electronics
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for modeling and control designing of a non-isolated Interleaved DC-DC Boost Converter based on the Three-State Switching Cell (3SSC). This topology is suitable for applications that requires a high input-to-output voltage ratio conversion.The plant modeling is done so as to achieve a Boost converter equivalent model that closely matches the phases dynamic behavior of the original converter. Control strategy adopted is the averaged current mode control with four inner current loops, one for each phase of the MIPTs (Multi-Interphase Transformers), and an outer voltage loop. Simulation results are presented in order to validate the proposed model and control strategy.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Power Quality
Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase DC-DC Boost converter where the switched-capacitor technique was applied. The proposed converter has a middle point in DClink. This characteristic allows input and output terminals to be at the same reference. DC-link presents twice the ordinary boost converter voltage. The proposed solution is suitable to Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverters applications, operating with a NPC inverter. The converter was designed aiming a solution to the high dv/dt problems. These problems are inherent between the traditional converter and inverter structures of PV systems. A 100W operational lab model was built and tested. The experimental results are in accordance with the theoretical results. An efficiency of 96% was achieved.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Industry Applications
Abstract: Converters operating in discontinuous-conduction-mode and using the bridgeless technique can offer rectification and elevation of voltage in high frequency, also can offer better efficiency when compared to the conventional single-switch boost power-factor-correction converter. In this conduction mode, the input current naturally follows a sinusoidal envelope, dispensing current sensors of use. Some these advantages are inherent to the converter operating mode, as the zero-current-switching during the turn-on of the switches, the simplicity of control system and the lower cost. However, the discontinuous-conduction-mode operation with constant duty cycle control leads to a high harmonic content of current in low frequency, limiting the converters applications and may exceed the limits imposed by international standards. This paper presents the analysis and experimental results of the three-phase bridgeless boost converter with new variable duty cycle control, operating in discontinuous-conduction-mode. In this configuration, the current stress in semiconductors are divided and, a single pulse is necessary for switch conduction. The results proved that occurs power factor correction with harmonic current content reduction of input current in low frequency.

Keywords: Power Electronics
Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for select power transistors for static converters applications evaluating losses behavior and comparing different technologies. This analysis is based on thermal and electric models for determination of power losses in IGBTs and Silicon (Si), Silicon Carbide (SIC), CoolMOS and Gallium Nitride (GaN) MOSFETs, evaluating the behavior of each technology towards different frequency ranges, power levels, and different conduction times (duty cycle). For this, an algorithm was developed, which is able of modeling conduction losses and switching losses in the devices, through a scanning process for frequencies, considering different power levels and conduction times. Results show which frequency ranges, power levels and duty cycle where each technology presents better behavior (lower losses), indicating the most appropriate technology to be used in each specific application.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Industry Applications, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: Este artigo apresenta um estudo matemático de diversas estratégias de chaveamento PWM – Pulse Width Modulation, de um conversor multinível cascata em ponte completa - Cascaded H-Bridge Converter – CHB. São expressas equações de cada estratégia utilizando como ferramenta matemática a Transformada Dupla de Fourier, a fim de se obter o padrão do conteúdo harmônico, bem como as características inerentes de cada técnica. A objetivo do trabalho consiste em subsidiar o projetista de conversores multiníveis na escolha da melhor estratégia de chaveamento, da quantidade de níveis de tensão e demais atributos pertinente ao projeto, proporcionando agilidade da composição escolhida, limitada a uma faixa de operação do conversor. A fim de ilustrar a serventia do estudo, tomou-se como base os parâmetros definidos pela ANEEL, através do PRODIST – Procedimentos de Distribuição, e então foi proposta uma aplicação na qual se define a quantidade mínima de níveis e, consequententemente, módulos do CHB, e a estratégia de chaveamento a ser utilizada, de forma a satisfazer os limites de distorção harmônica total – THD e características inerentes da carga. Os resultados foram validados com simulações do conversor CHB em software de transitório eletromagnético – PSCAD/EMTDC.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract: In this article, a gas burner startup, from a thermoelectric generator boiler, and its operational sequence of events are enumerated, modeleled and simulated. The overall burner startup consists of a array of three prodedures: igniter, stabilizer and burner flame start-up. Those systems can be established as a hybrid dinamical systems, which comprehend as a set of diferential equations, coupled to a discrete sequence of events and inequalities restrictions, defined by binary and real variables.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Internet of Things
Abstract: Com o crescimento da digitalização do processo produtivo, a manutenção preditiva de equipamentos tem se tornado uma prática fundamental na indústria. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de um sistema informatizado para o auxílio a inspeção dos equipamentos agiliza a obtenção dos dados e permite uma maior eficiência no controle das operações de manutenção. Neste contexto, o protocolo OPC UA apresenta-se como uma excelente alternativa devido a sua independência de plataforma, interoperabilidade e flexibilidade na modelagem dos dados. Este trabalho trata do desenvolvimento e da modelagem de um sistema informatizado de inspeções de equipamentos utilizando o padrão OPC UA.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Na indústria de compressores, diversos ensaios são realizados. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvida uma bancada manual que impõe condições na saída do compressor em teste a fim de fazê-lo seguir uma determinada evolução da pressão de descarga para ensaios em laboratório. Este artigo apresenta uma solução encontrada para a automação dessa bancada, a fim de torná-la independente de operadores, aumentar a exatidão nos parâmetros definidos e permitir ensaios mais próximos à linha de produção. Foram automatizados uma válvula do tipo agulha e um sistema de posicionamento da haste de um cilindro com soluções práticas e diretas. Obteve-se uma melhora considerável na definição das condições de operação do compressor e a bancada automatizada realiza ensaios sem a necessidade de um operador. A resolução utilizada nos ensaios passou de 180° para 0,18° na válvula e de 34 mm para 0,004 mm no posicionamento da haste do cilindro.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Industry 4.0, Robotics and Mechatronics
Abstract: This paper presents a characterization of electromagnetic near fields in embedded and Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems as a tool for implementation of the fourth industrial revolution. The characterizations are carried out through the point of view of measurements and numerical modeling. The measurements were performed through an automated system and numerical modeling using specific simulation software based on finite element method. A complex electronic device was used for the measurements and numerical modeling of the electromagnetic fields, in order to simulate an IoT device that operates with wireless communication for industrial scenario. Numerical modeling was performed based on complete electronic circuit and electrical models of components. Finally, comparisons were performed between the values of the electromagnetic fields obtained through simulations and the values measured in time domain and frequency domain.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Industry 4.0
Abstract: The dynamics of railway vehicles have changed from an essentially mechanical application into one that requires knowledge of sensors, electronics and computational processing. Industry 4.0 is a term that describes industrial activity by intelligent systems and solutions established on the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). The present work illustrates the application of a conceptual cycle of an Internet of Things building a prototype, consisting on acquisition, processing and communication of data in the industrial context. Specifically, the monitoring of the dynamics of wagons using inertial sensors and algorithms that establish the fusion of sensors. The use of refined methods shows more reliable results in the use of low-cost sensors. Furthermore, the implementation of wireless communication enables the use of data in the creation of more complex analyses that can be applied in computational and instrumentation tools.

Keywords: Cybernetic Systems, Automation and Process Control, Smart Grids
Abstract: Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control systems and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks implement industrial communication protocols to enable their operations. Unfortunately, wide used protocols, such as Modbus and DNP3, lack basic security mechanisms that lead to multiple vulnerabilities. The exploitation of such flaws may greatly impact companies and the general population, especially for attacks targeting critical infrastructural assets such as power plants, water distribution, and railway transportation systems. Such problem gets worse in the context of photovoltaic Distributed Energy Resources (DER), where devices are commonly located in customers facilities, making difficult to enforce appropriate security policies. This paper addresses the security problems of the Modbus protocol, proposing a new secure version based on the Transport Layer Security protocol. Experimental results shows that the proposed solution achieves request/response times way below the 16.67 ms period of the power grid 60 Hz cycle, revealing a negligible impact in power grids applications.

Keywords: Smart Grids, Automation and Process Control, Power Systems
Abstract: This paper proposes a new photovoltaic generation dispatch method based on Lagrange multiplier. Initially, a microgrid model is derived from power flux equations. Then, a performance index based on Brazilian regulation is developed. Finally, a cost function design procedure that guarantees the optimum photovoltaic generation dispatch and energy bill minimization is presented in detail. It is demonstrated that a very fast convergence can be obtained with the proposed optimization algorithm, which improves the response of the grid connected PV systems. Simulation results are given to support the theoretical analysis and to illustrate the performance of PV generation dispatch with the proposed optimization algorithm.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industry Applications, Internet of Things
Abstract: ZigBee-based communication systems (IEEE 802.15.4) offer a workaround because of the low-cost, lowpower and ease of network flexibility when connecting multiple devices. However, it may present challenges regarding the central control of the nodes, low transmission rate and problems of interference with other networks. We present the challenges in using this technology in industrial plants with interferences and key advantages, besides introducing the concept of Wireless Industrial Networks (WIN). Furthermore, the interference is measured using a computational simulations of ZigBee nodes under operating WiFi network.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Robotics and Mechatronics, Industry Applications
Abstract: Control moment gyroscopes are widely used as actuators in some applications like satellites and spacecrafts attitude control, which involves a large operational range problem, thus posing additional challenges to the control design. A modeling process of a control moment gyroscope, model 750 from Educational Control Products, is presented and its multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear model is obtained, as well as one of its single-input single-output (SISO) configuration model. A feedback linearization, which is an approach to nonlinear control design, is proposed to control the single output of CMG SISO configuration. Both numerical simulation and practical experiment results are obtained to evaluate the designed nonlinear controller.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Power Systems, Renewable Energy
Abstract: The present paper provides a procedure to design an output feedback controller without the use of state observers. The main contribution is to avoid the measurement of each state variable and also the use of state estimation. The strategy is used to control a grid-connected inverter with LCL filter only with the feedback of the output signal. Comparisons between the method proposed here and a classical state feedback controller are provided.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industry Applications, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Currently, in a scenario of Industry 4.0, the communication protocol is a key factor of success for modern industry. All its needs could be fulfilled by Ethernet based protocols. One of the most used protocols is PROFINET concerning the number of applications in growth in the last years, being one of the most promising protocols for the future. Considering its importance, this paper discusses a panorama which characterize the current scenario of this protocol. To achieve the main goals, 92 studies were considered in the data extraction. The obtained results were relevant to provide a current panorama of the area, as well as outlines a number of possible research directions, challenges and opportunities in PROFINET technology research such as diagnostics and security.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Quality, Power Electronics
Abstract: This paper aims to present the analyzes of different grid current controllers applied in a full-bridge inverter used in distributed generation (DG). The presence of harmonic interaction in the grid, can be explained by the impedancegrid resonance problem between the equivalent grid impedance and the inverter impedance. The analyzes of different control strategies involve aspects such as power losses, quality of the current injected into the grid and dynamic performance during grid disturbances. In order to study the converter performance connected to the grid, it is made a comparison in this work by means of three controllers: proportional and integral (PI), proportional resonant (PR) and repetitive (RT). The simulation results show the higher efficiency of the PR and RT controllers in grid distorted conditions. The modulation techniques and discretization methods also affect the grid power quality, focusing in particular on the Bipolar technique. Therefore, this work proposes with these mechanisms to improve the performance of the operation DG grids, and consequently to increase the system power quality.

Keywords: Power Quality, Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: The electrical distribution system is undergoing major changes as distributed generators, power electronic devices and smarter grids applications are inserted in the system networks. Although the changes are beneficial for satisfying the needs of local loads, electrical performance parameters issues may arise due to the impact of the changes in the network. In order to perform studies and verify the impact of new elements in distribution systems, simulation tools are important resources for planning by researchers and engineers. This paper aims a discussion on how linear aggregate loads affects harmonic studies. Simulations are performed using different load models to verify the impact and sensitivity of the system impedance and resultant harmonic voltages. Harmonic sources produced by typical distributed generators are connected into the system in order to analyze the harmonic voltage distortion at different buses regarding the simulated network. The systems were modeled and simulated in an OpenDSS Matlab interface. Results shown that both load model types and composition have a significant impact on the system impedance and parallel resonance damping.

Keywords: Power Quality, Power Systems, Power Electronics
Abstract: In this article a photovoltaic system with active power filter functions is proposed in order to mitigate current harmonics generated by a nonlinear load, connected to the point of common coupling. The modeling and control of the photovoltaic system is developed. It is used the proportional resonant controller to control the current injected into the electrical grid. Also, the THD of grid current is analyzed to verify the effect of compensating current generated by the photovoltaic inverter. The simulations were performed using the Matlab/Simulink software considering three different loads: R load, rectifier with RL and RC load, and these results validate the proposed system.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Electronics, Power Quality
Abstract: High penetration of renewable sources, in the last years, is responsible for perturbations in the energy supply, because of their intermittent behavior. Such characteristics is responsible for reliability and power quality problems. To mitigate problems like voltage variation, regulation algorithms can be applied through the energy storage systems. The connection between the energy storage with power grid is carried out and managed by the DC-DC bidirectional converter. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different topologies of DCDC bidirectional converters. The main objective is identify the topology with better performance for voltage regulation. The system analyzed is a hybrid microgrid composed for battery energy storage system and photovoltaic array connected to power grid. A variable solar irradiance is applied as input to photovoltaic system. The three topologies of DC-DC bidirectional converter approached are the buck-boost, cuk and multilevel. A same voltage regulation strategy is applied to each topology. The model of hybrid microgrid is developed in the software MatLab/Simulink. In this model, the DC-Link voltage ripple and the control response is analyzed. The simulation results show that the DC DC bidirectional multilevel converter has a more suitable response for voltage control. Thereby, the BESS using such topology allow an ancillary service with better power quality to the hybrid microgrid.

Keywords: Power Quality, Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: Among many challenges regarding the management of the conventional power systems, the distribution system has been facing the penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in relation to the amount of photovoltaic (PV), which can be hosted by existing radial distribution feeders without compromising the system constraints. PV technologies carry out a major role due to advances in their knowledge, thus decreasing capital costs and subsidies. When the distribution grids are transited from a passive network to an active, it is important to consider the PV deployment, as well as quantifying the system losses. Thus, these phenomena are addressed as the greatest concern to guide utilities actions to avoid technical violations. This paper aims a sensitive study in order to conduct an analysis regarding the harmonic hosting capacity of PV integration evaluating. Moreover, the harmonic distortions will be acting in accordance with international standards, as well as the assessment of the system electrical losses. Furthermore, their location-dependence and background influence will be considering. Simulations were performed using MATLAB scripts to course several cases of power flow through the Open Source Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS) based on the IEEE 13-bus distribution feeder.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Power Electronics, Power Quality
Abstract: This paper addresses a study of Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVR), Series Voltage Compensators (SVC) applied to voltage surge protection, able to maintain the voltage on susceptible loads when grid faults occur. The restorer is applied on industrial environments when reliability of drives and electronics systems is desired, avoiding stops by voltage surges and problems from electrical grid, such as voltage sags. It is estimated that power quality problems generate production losses and downtime in manufacturing process at industries, in consequence of susceptible loads to voltage sags. First, the conventional sinusoidal Dynamic Voltage Restorer will be cited, and then, three simplified topologies will be discussed, with the proposal of a square-wave series voltage compensator (SW-SVC) able to compensate voltage sags with improved cost-efficiency. The design includes a description of the inherent system parts, such as the coupling transformer, harmonic filter at the output of the static power converter, the converter configuration and its semiconductors, the input rectifier, as well as the grid synchronization system. Then will be discussed the performance analysis of the device mitigating voltage sags, increasing Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) of electronic loads, improving industrial power quality.

Keywords: Power Systems, Power Electronics, Power Quality
Abstract: A presença da microrrede no sistema de energia, especificamente na distribuição, tende a transformar redes radiais de energia unidirecional em redes ativas nas quais o fluxo de energia pode fluir em múltiplas direções, alterando a amplitude do curto-circuito. Isso exige que o sistema de proteção seja capaz de detectar e isolar falhas que podem ocorrer nos modos de operação on grid e off grid. Este trabalho apresenta as principais topologias dos limitadores de corrente de falta com semicondutores, utilizados na proteção de sistemas de distribuição com presença de geração distribuída.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Renewable Energy
Abstract: This paper presents a single-phase AC-DC converter, based on voltage doubler boost half-bridge structure and DC-DC buck-boost converter. The proposed structure will be applied to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and aims to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. The topology has a common point between line source, batteries and load. Therefore, it presents smaller voltage derivatives (dv/dt), reducing the switching losses. Also, it uses a smaller number of semiconductors than the already studied structures, thus the conduction losses are also reduced, making it more efficient. To guarantee the applicability of the proposed converter, the operation principles and simulation results are presented. The design specifications are defined to feed a load of 2kW of average power, with an AC input voltage of 127VRMS, operating as AC-DC converter; a DC input voltage of 300VDC, operating as a DC-DC converter. A converter prototype is being assembled to verify the experimental results, which will be added later to this research.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Renewable Energy
Abstract: Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta de análise e projeto de indutores otimizados com menores volumes e perdas aplicado a um conversor Boost em cascata (Boost Cascaded) que realiza a interface entre uma célula combustível e o barramento em corrente contínua (CC) (elevação de tensão, 50VCC - 400VCC). Devido a alta corrente de entrada gerada pela célula combustível, alta potência e baixa tensão (3kW - 50VCC), o indutor de entrada tende a ser volumoso e com significativas perdas. Em vista disso, é desenvolvida uma metodologia de projeto que analisa quatro diferentes parâmetros do conversor: frequência de chaveamento, ondulação de corrente no indutor, densidade de corrente no condutor e tensão intermediária (tensão entre 1° e 2° estágio). Os resultados apontam as regiões de operação em que cada tecnologia de material magnético apresenta melhor comportamento em termos de perda e volume. Através do resultados é escolhido um único ponto de operação onde há menores perdas e volume para os núcleos magnéticos analisados, assim é realizado análises comparativas demonstrando o melhor material magnético para a aplicação específica.

Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industry Applications, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Os requisitos de manufatura industrial apontam uma necessidade de reconfiguração e reprogramação do fluxo de processo, a fim de atender modificações no produto com as mudanças dos requisitos de mercado. Estas mudanças implicam em alterações no processo de fabricação, o que, em muitos casos, significa alterar o leiaute, reprogramar controladores, modificar acoplamentos e interfaceamentos, entre outros. As premissas da Indústria 4.0 trazem conceitos de modularização, orientação a serviços e adaptação em tempo real, o que dá ao processo produtivo as características de auto-organização, concedendo mais autonomia, para se autogerenciar e que permitam uma troca rápida de funcionalidades passam a ser desejados em um ambiente de manufatura, onde os sistemas convencionais com programação centralizada, sequência definida no controlador central e arranjo de funcionalidades fixas deixam a desejar. Os equipamentos passam a se comportar como agentes de manufatura, num universo de multiagentes, que negociam entre si o processo requerido, propiciando o atendimento à variação de produto e dispondo de um número maior de funcionalidades, o que reduz o tempo de troca de processos. Um ensaio com sistemas de manufatura CIM, MES e auto-organizável é realizado, comparando seus resultados, frente a métricas que atendam a necessidade de produtos diversificados em um meio produtivo, onde os sistemas auto-organizáveis mostram seu valor aos novos requisitos de mercado.

Keywords: Power Systems, Smart Grids
Abstract: This paper proposes the usage of artificial neural networks for high impedance faults detection in power distribution systems, comparing neural networks with one and two neurons in the output layer. For testing, the 13 nodes and 34 nodes system from the IEEE are used. Load variations are used in simulations, which is common in real distribution systems and have a relevant impact on the fault detection process. In addition, the number of meters allocated is modified in simulations

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Electronics
Abstract: Mitigating losses in the photovoltaic energy generation is one of the challenges for researchers. In this occasion, the power optimizers for photovoltaic systems (POPS) recently emerged as a possible solution. POPS are devices that try to avoid losses in photovoltaic systems, increasing the PV power generation of the system. For this, different architecture of optimizers appears in the market. The present work simulates the two models of common POPS in the market applied in a photovoltaic power plant. Subsequently, the results obtained without and with optimizer are compared. As a result, observed optimization performances of 0.84% and 1.69% in the analyzed plant. Hence, the optimizer is a component to be considered in photovoltaic systems in the future.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Industry Applications, Additive Manufaturing
Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar a modelagem e simulação de um controle preditivo generalizado (GPC) monovariável em uma planta real de nível, desenvolvida para estudo, fazendo obtenção do modelo que possa servir de simulação, e posteriormente execução. Ao modelo obtido será aplicado a um controlador PID para comparação de desempenho ao Preditivo. A variável manipulada é aplicada ao variar a velocidade de uma bomba através de um inversor de frequência. A modelagem da planta é obtida através do uso da ferramenta “Ident” da caixa de ferramentas de identificação de sistemas pertencente ao software Matlab, com aplicação de sinais de estímulos na planta. Após a realização dos procedimentos para obtenção e validação do modelo, este é usado para simular o comportamento da planta a comandos de mudanças de “setpoint” descritas por algoritmo de controle preditivo do tipo GPC e PID. Para criar condições mais reais e aproximando a simulação de uma possível utilização prática, são aplicados ao algoritmo GPC condições de restrições.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Nesse trabalho são apresentados os resultados práticos da aplicação de um controlador preditivo por subespaços em uma planta termoelétrica. Com uma abordagem voltada a dados, são discutidas as principais características desse tipo de controlador seguido pelos efeitos práticos das escolhas de seus parâmetros de sintonia.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract: Ganho de superfície específica, eficiência energética, custo específico de prensagem são importantes indicadores de desempenho para Prensa de Rolos de Alta Pressão, High Pressure Grinding Rolls – HPGR. Instalada em uma usina de pelotização de minério de ferro, a HPGR apresentada nesse trabalho desde a sua implantação apresentava limitações operacionais. Para identificação das causas dessas limitações e quantificar as influencias das variáveis de processo, foram realizados testes em 13 cenários operacionais no próprio equipamento por equipe multidisciplinar. A Modelagem por Regressão Linear é utilizada como solução no sistema de controle da HPGR, apresentando ganho de superfície específica para o material cominuído. Esse ganho representa melhor qualidade da pelota, maior produtividade e redução do consumo energético nos moinhos e melhor uniformidade das pelotas pela redução de carga circulante no pelotamento.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Power Quality, Power Systems
Abstract: This paper conducts an analysis on the issues arising from voltage sags in the direct starting of medium voltage motors mobile equipment(excavators) of the mining industry. These devices have a need for flexibility in cabling (aerial power grids and insulated cables) in order to comply with the mining plan. However, the cable increase inherently leads to voltage sags, especially during the direct start of the motors. Firstly, a bibliographic review was carried out on the subject and followed by an analysis of the most indicated solutions for the problem (cost x benefit analysis). Using the ATP e PTW softwares, solutions based on an off-board series capacitor bank and an autotransformer during motor start was simulated. Different scenarios of up to 4km of power cable was considered and prototypes were developed to perform field tests to a better evaluation of the propositions. The results were satisfactory, the voltage transient at the start was smoothed and the value of the voltage sag was significantly reduced using an innovative device for the mining industry

Keywords: Industry Applications
Abstract: O PVC (policloreto de vinila) é o material de isolamento mais comumente utilizado em cabos elétricos de baixa tensão. O uso desses cabos após o final de sua vida útil pode causar danos ambientais ou econômicos, uma vez que, nessa condição, a instalação está sujeita a fugas de corrente elétrica e curtos-circuitos. Este estudo apresenta resultados de investigação de degradação térmica em cabos elétricos de baixa tensão isolados por PVC através da medição de cor por ferramenta computacional. O modelo de cor HSV foi utilizado para avaliar e caracterizar a condição operacional dos cabos elétricos. Resultados preliminares indicam que o modelo HSV apresenta-se como uma potencial ferramenta para detecção de fim da vida útil dos cabos sem a subjetividade de inspeção visual a olho humano.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Smart Grids, Power Systems
Abstract: Global environment concerns and increasing energy demand are expanding interests in renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems. An optimized application of these systems requires the use of accurate climatic and irradiation data. Most of the available data sources provide irradiation values only on the horizontal plane. These data must be converted to the tilted plane in order to estimate a more accurate value of the energy produced. To process that conversion there are many mathematical models available in the literature, such as Perez’s model and Hay’s model. The impact of these methods on the energy generated will be compared in this study, also the accuracy of the Meteonorm 7.1 and NASA SSE databases will be investigated for the location of the Tanquinho Power Plant in Campinas. As a result of the analysis, the Meteonorm database presented more accurate data for the considered location. Also, the Perez’s method has an absolute error of 9.97% while Hay’s method shown 10.11%. As a conclusion, the Meteonorm database is indicated to be used to estimate the energy generated by photovoltaic systems installed in the Campinas area. Additionally, to obtain a more accurate irradiation data on the tilted plane, the Perez’s method is more precise.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Electronics, Smart Grids
Abstract: Predicting the behavior of I-V and P-V curves for photovoltaic (PV) generation is possible through mathematical models for photovoltaic cells. However, current models are made for uniform conditions, making it difficult to analyze in case of non-uniform conditions such as partially shading conditions (PSC). At this point, the present work applied the Villalva's model in non-uniform conditions, transformed by the curve superposition technique for different scenarios, and later, reproduces the scenarios experimentally. The experimental scenarios used a photovoltaic system with certain black objects were positioned on the PV modules. In this way, it was possible to compare the transformed mathematical model for non-uniform conditions with real curves of a photovoltaic system. As results, the I-V and P-V curves generated by the model were closer to the experimental tests and the values of absolute and root mean square errors were acceptable. Thus, it has been proven experimentally that with the transformation by the curve superposition technique the photovoltaic modeling can be used for PV studies under PSC.

Keywords: Power Quality, Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: Nowadays, the nonlinear loads are present in many residential and industrial applications, the increased use of such loads increases the impact of harmonics in electrical grid. It's depend of the load's type and number of phases used. The small power plants are designed to feed local loads and interact with the electrical grid, most of these loads are electronic or switching sources, which causes a non-linearity in the load current. This article makes the comparison of a Photovoltaic generation system with active filtering functions with a conventional photovoltaic system, and the differences between them are analyzed. The proposed system is divided into two stages: a Boost converter in order to track the maximum power point and a voltage source converter that connects the photovoltaic system to the three-phase electrical grid. The model and control are developed step by step for a good understanding. The simulations were performed using the Matlab/Simulink software. It's analyzed the total harmonic distortion of the electrical grid current and the active and reactive power profile for three different loads. These simulations result shown the harmonic filtering capacity of the proposed PV system.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Industry Applications
Abstract: Neste artigo é proposto um método que utiliza a lógica Fuzzy para encontrar o seguimento de máxima potência(SPPM) ou busca do ponto de máxima potência (Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) em módulos fotovoltaicos. Esta abordagem foi implementada com o intuito de aumentar o desempenho e o rendimento da geração¸ de energia solar em eletricidade. Assim, foi implementado uma técnica utilizando a lógica Fuzzy para especificar o tamanho do incremento da tensão de controle do MPPT. Com o auxílio do programa Matlab® foi comparado o uso de uma técnica consolidada pertubar e observar (P&O) com a técnica adaptada do método clássico com o emprego da lógica Fuzzy. Os resultados indicam uma convergência de busca do ponto de máxima potência (PMP) com rendimento melhor do que o método clássico.

Keywords: Renewable Energy
Abstract: O presente trabalho visa analisar, não de forma exaustiva, os impactos econômicos, financeiros e sociais da inserção em massa da microgeração, no cenário regulatório atual. Os impactos identificados podem ser sentidos pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica, pelos próprios consumidores e por todos os atores do setor energético nacional. Perda de receita nos caixas das distribuidoras de energia elétrica e eventuais aumentos nas tarifas dos consumidores podem ocorrer. Assim, o estudo se propõe a analisar a plausibilidade desses fenômenos ocorrerem, com foco no equilíbrio do contrato de concessão de distribuição de energia elétrica.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: O aumento do uso da energia eólica na matriz energética brasileira passa pela disponibilidade de serviços voltados para este setor, que vão desde serviços de prospecção, assessoria jurídica com as licenças legais necessárias, passando pelas fases de elaboração de projeto de engenharia e implantação da obra, até a etapa de operação e manutenção de parques eólicos. O presente artigo visa fazer um diagnóstico técnico do potencial de empresas que atuam prestando estes serviços em território brasileiro, bem como traçar o perfil típico das mesmas, de forma a entender como este cenário se formou e quais as oportunidades de negócio para o futuro.

Keywords: Renewable Energy
Abstract: This paper presents the evaluation of the impact on the performance of a photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking regarding partial shading condition. Case studies, based on computer simulation, are employed in order to evaluate the algorithms “Perturbation and Observation” and “Incremental Impedance” performance under some sun irradiation levels, with and without shading on the photovoltaic array.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Power Systems
Abstract: The different stages carried out in the sizing of a photovoltaic system require a certain degree of technical knowledge, usually carried out by a specialist, which contributes to the high cost of installation of photovoltaic systems. Some sizing software is commercially available, however, usually its value is high, or specialized knowledge in photovoltaic systems is required for its operation, targeting specialized companies in the industry. The present work focuses on the development of a open source tool for the sizing photovoltaic systems, that is easy to use for the user, with the objective of facilitating the sizing and making photovoltaic energy more accessible, especially in developing countries.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control
Abstract: This paper presents an experimental study on the development, implementation, and tests of a design of a Lead-Lag Digital Compensator in the mobility Pole-Shifting, that will can reduce the oscillations in a Pumping System. The control law was boarded in an Arduino Due microcontroller from the ARM 32 family, that by a frequency inverter controls the speed of the motor-pump system, reducing the oscillations observed in open-loop.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Power Electronics
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to present the concepts of state observers and state feedback applied to DC-DC Buck converter using the PBL methodology. Simulation softwares are devices that facilitates the insertion of concepts and verification of the feasibility of projects, but not through real system analysis with sensors, actuators and noises. Using a didactic prototype, we verify in this work the steps to solve the problem of state observation and control of the output voltage of a Buck converter

Keywords: Power Electronics, Industry Applications, Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: This paper describes the implementation in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and the FPGA-inthe- loop (FIL) test of a controller for boost converter based on internal model controller (IMC) and Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy (TSF) approach. The IMC-TSF controller is robust against load variations and perturbations. Simplifications in the structure of the controller were done in order to reduce its computational cost. In FIL, the control algorithm implemented in FPGA is tested using models made in software. Results validate the proposed simplified control. Other works about FIL tests using IMC-TSF approach for boost converter were not found.

Keywords: Power Quality, Electrical Machines and Drives, Power Systems
Abstract: O funcionamento adequado de instalações industriais, comerciais e residenciais está totalmente relacionado à garantia da qualidade da energia fornecida. Um dos aspectos relevantes está nas instalações que demandam uso contínuo da energia elétrica, como é o caso de plantas de tratamento de esgoto, em que falhas recorrentes ocasionadas devido a deficiências no fornecimento podem afetar significantemente os índices de confiabilidade e eficiência do sistema. Neste cenário, a inserção de cargas não lineares, tais como os inversores de frequência, que são utilizados no acionamento de máquinas elétricas da cadeia de tratamento de esgoto, podem afetar o padrão de qualidade de energia no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) entre a instalação e a rede elétrica da concessionária. Sendo assim, este artigo propõe a avaliação do impacto de inversores de frequência utilizados no acionamento de motores de indução em uma planta real de tratamento de esgoto com capacidade para 400 mil habitantes. Os resultados indicaram que os níveis harmônicos da carga instalada apresentaram um significativo efeito no desempenho dos padrões de qualidade, ultrapassando alguns limites elétricos especificados pelos procedimentos de distribuição da ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica).

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Electrical Vehicle and Energy Storage, Power Electronics
Abstract: O Motor de Indução Trifásico (MIT) do tipo gaiola de esquilo é a máquina mais utilizada no setor industrial, tal fato se deve às suas notáveis vantagens em custo, manutenção e robustez. Com o avanço dos componentes semicondutores e dos dispositivos microeletrônicos, o controle vetorial tornou-se muito mais preciso e eficaz, sendo possível realizar modificações e uso de controles adaptativos para cada tipo de aplicaç˜ao. O controle vetorial, também conhecido como controle por orientaç˜ao de fluxo permite o desacoplamento das correntes que produz fluxo e torque na máquina. Dentre os métodos de controle vetorial, o utilizado neste trabalho foi o indireto, em que consiste na medição da velocidade do motor através de um encoder a fim de ter o alinhamento necessário do fluxo. Uma das vantagens do controle vetorial é que ele possibilita atingir um alto grau de precis˜ao e rapidez nas malhas de controle. Para operação em altas velocidades, é necessário o uso de estratégias para reduzir o fluxo da máquina para que a mesma possa continuar operando sem haver excessos de corrente ou tens˜ao. Estas estratégias s˜ao muito utilizadas em veículos elétricos, onde a operação em amplas faixa de velocidades possibilitam a remoção da caixa de marchas do veículo. Foram realizados simulações e ensaios experimentais de um motor de 1 kW a fim de estudar o comportamento dinâmico das malhas do controle vetorial operando na regi˜ao de enfraquecimento de fluxo.

Keywords: Renewable Energy
Abstract: The objective of this work is the construction of a supervision system for the monitoring and storage of photovoltaic electric energy generation data. This monitoring is important for data collection of energy production and panel efficiency. However, small residential systems still have a high investment. Therefore, the development of low cost equipment and systems that can be applied to photovoltaic generation is important to reduce the initial investment. With the above problem, we used a microcontroller from the Microchip PIC 18F family and software created on the Microsoft Visual Studio platform to monitor a photovoltaic system. The results are related to the applicability of the system, aiming the low cost, presenting an interface of easy handling, a reliable measurement and a friendly visualization of the data collected.

Keywords: Electrical Machines and Drives, Industry Applications, Power Quality
Abstract: Grande parte das plataformas de petróleo possui o sistema elétrico isolado. Os problemas de oscilação de tensão e frequência durante o acionamento de grandes motores são maiores em um sistema isolado quando comparado ao sistema interligado. Assim, para evitar um colapso do sistema de geração durante a partida de um grande motor é importante possuir o sistema elétrico isolado modelado. Esse trabalho apresentará a modelagem dos principais componentes de um sistema elétrico de uma plataforma de petróleo e validação desses modelos com oscilografias de casos reais.

Keywords: Power Quality, Industry Applications, Power Electronics
Abstract: Assegurar a qualidade da energia elétrica é garantir a comodidade e o desenvolvimento econômico de toda a sociedade. Para isso, é necessário evitar que problemas na tensão ou na corrente no sistema de alimentação venham a prejudicar a operação adequada dos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos. Assim, apresenta-se neste trabalho uma avaliação de alguns parâmetros relacionados a qualidade da energia no IFSC Câmpus Florianópolis, envolvendo a análise dos desequilíbrios de tensão e de corrente, bem como os níveis das componentes e distorções harmônicas presentes na instalação elétrica. As avaliações foram efetuadas com base em campanhas de medições, realizadas na subestação de energia da instituição, e considerando os indicadores propostos nas recomendações nacionais e internacionais.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Smart Grids, Electrical Vehicle and Energy Storage
Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical analysis and design equations of a dc-dc bidirectional Cúk converter with voltage-doubler concept. The converter is suitable for connecting a battery energy storage system in a dc microgrid. Due to the voltage-doubler concept, the voltage stress on semiconductors is reduced by a factor of two, when it is compared with the conventional Cúk converter. Moreover, due to the input and output current source characteristics, the converter presents advantages as draining/injecting currents of the dc microgrid and charging/discharging the battery energy storage system with low-ripple currents. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis is verified by experimental results, which are obtained from a converter with 250 V in input voltage, 360 V in output voltage, 1000 W rated power and 20 kHz switching frequency.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Os distúrbios elétricos estão presentes em praticamente todas as redes de distribuição de energia. A ferrorressonância é um dos distúrbios que podem ocorrer nos sistemas de distribuição, causando problemas de qualidade de energia e operação da rede. A ferrorressonância é um fenômeno não linear de difícil previsão, que tem afetado principalmente os transformadores de potencial indutivos. Este artigo propõe um método de detecção da ferrorressonância baseado em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs).

Keywords: Power Systems
Abstract: Na análise de proteção de sistemas elétricos, as simulações de faltas e análise de registros em COMTRADE possuem papel relevante. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para simulação de faltas em uma linha de transmissão por meio do ATP; a conversão do resultado desta simulação em um arquivo COMTRADE e posterior avaliação deste no que diz respeito à localização da falta. De modo comparativo, tanto os registros de ocorrências como o sistema simulado em ATP se referem a uma linha de transmissão 500 kV do Sistema Interligado Nacional brasileiro.

Keywords: Power Systems
Abstract: Wide-Area Damping Controllers (WADCs) or Centralized damping controllers of electromechanical oscillations based on synchronized phasor measurements can have many input-output channels for its operation. However, cyber attacks such as denial-of-service may damage the information package sent to the control center and compromise the performance of the centralized controller. This paper presents a procedure based on Particle Swarm Optimization for the centralized control design minimizing the number of input-output signals and maximizing the closed loop power system damping. With a reduced number of communication channels, the control center can focus its security system on a few channels. Time delay models are incorporated in the design stage using the second-order Pade approximation. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed procedure and the resulting controller, modal analysis and time-domain nonlinear simulations were carried out in the IEEE 39-bus power system considering multiple operating conditions.

Keywords: Power Systems
Abstract: In this paper it will be studied the transient phenomena present in the electrical power system, especially the outbreaks derived from atmospheric discharges, and how they affect one of the most important components of the network, the transformer. A high voltage test was performed on a three-phase 30kVA distribution transformer, primary at Δ13.8kV, secondary at Y220 / 127V applying full-voltage pulses of 100kV and reduced voltage pulses of 50kV at the primary of the transformer, using the standard waveform provided in standard for characterization of an atmospheric discharge. Comparing the results obtained by simulating the test, with models of the same distribution transformer, in the software Alternative Transients Program (ATP), observing the consistency and accuracy of the transformer models, in order to validate them.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Power Quality, Machine Learning
Abstract: Resumo — O cálculo de consumo elétrico em projetos elétricos de edificações é orientado por normas das concessionárias de energia elétrica e em tabelas baseadas em estatísticas de consumo guiadas pelas normas ABNT. Todavia, essas estatísticas se baseiam numa média geral que não pode ser aplicada a todos os consumidores, pois quando comparamos medições práticas com os quadros de cargas baseados na norma, encontramos diferenças muito grandes. Este trabalho propõe um sistema de inteligência computacional que, através da medição do histórico de consumo elétrico das instalações de um consumidor no ramo hospitalar, possa conceber um estimador mais eficiente para prever a carga real que será consumida em outras edificações que possuem o mesmo perfil, permitindo a criação de um estimador baseado no comportamento real do tipo de edificação e ser utilizado para prever o consumo real da edificação resultando no dimensionamento de alimentadores e de proteção da rede pública.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Renewable Energy
Abstract: Abstract— This paper proposes a brand new strategy of pitch control, a PID-Fuzzy control for nonlinear plants, applied to a small wind turbine of 20 [kW]. The modelling and parameter identification of a 20 [kW] wind turbine will be reviewed, treating the main problem of pitch control, how to address the non-linearity of the system. On the other hand, the performance of the proposed strategy will be compared with other 2 strategies of pitch control, linear control (PID) and Fuzzy control.

Keywords: Power Systems, Power Quality
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present an alternative do improve the Brazilian electrical system, in order to increase the capacity of transmission of active power in the transmission lines, to improve the voltage profile and to increase the power factor of the buses in the system. The proposed alternative contemplates the use of synchronous generators out of operation during the off-season of Sugar & Ethanol Plants (UA&E) connected to the Electric Power System (SEP). These generators would operate in the form of synchronous condensers after intervention in the drive and operating structure described in this paper. The presentation of the improvements obtained with the proposed alternative will be done through simulations in load situations of the Brazilian Electrical System (SIN) with the use of Optimum Power Flow (FPO) through AMPL software (A Mathematical Programming Language) and ANAREDE software, developed by CEPEL (Center for Research in Electric Power).

Keywords: Power Electronics, Automation and Process Control, Renewable Energy
Abstract: Geralmente, os algoritmos phase locked loop (PLL) são utilizados para fazer a sincronização entre à rede elétrica e o equipamento eletrônico conectado a ela. Neste artigo, é realizado uma comparação de desempenho entre os controladores proporcional integral (PI) e proporcional ressonante (PR) aplicados a estrutura de PLL clássica. Em um segundo momento, é implementado um banco de filtros adaptativos de atraso (filtro ADB) para resolver o problema do erro de fase, em estado estacionário, do PLL de onda quadrada, quando a rede apresenta componentes harmônicas. Simulações e resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar os algoritmos em estudo. Para o cenário de testes, é considerada uma rede elétrica monofásica apresentando distorção harmônica, queda de tensão e salto fase.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: This work presents a study concerning ac-to-dc drivers intended for indoor lighting OLED panels. The first topology, perhaps the most intuitive, consists on a two-stage ac-to-dc converter topology. Among the many possibilities, the paper begins comparing two different configurations: a buck-boost/buck alternative and the buck/buck option. Despite presenting slightly different behaviors, the first stage in both arrangements operates in discontinuous inductor current mode(DCM), featuring a self-power-factor correction (self PFC) ability and is also able to control the intermediate bus voltage. On the other hand, the second stage controls the current peak to protect the panel against over-current and perform a pulse width modulation strategy to provide dimming capability to the driver. A further topology is briefly described, consisting on a buck resonant ac-to-dc converter. Finally, the text presents a discussion about the practical driver implementation and the design-oriented to a low-profile feature by using planar inductors and GaN high electron mobility transistors.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy
Abstract: This article proposes the development of an electronic energy processing device applied to isolated photovoltaic (PV) systems. The circuit is composed of two electric power conversion stages, consisting of a current-fed DC-DC Push-Pull converter and a three-phase inverter. Initially, the proposed topic is contextualized and the theoretical basis of PV systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and electrical energy DC-DC/DC-AC converters are presented. In addition, the operating characteristics analysis of the Kyocera KD 140SX PV module is carried out. Thus, the proposed methodological procedures are developed for the design, simulation and experimental implementation of DC-DC Push-Pull converter and three-phase inverter in order to design the components based on the system operating limits. From the simulation results, both experimental prototypes are developed. Posteriorly, the implemented circuits are validated under the comparison between the simulation and experimental results. Finally, in order to validate the energy processing stages, a three-phase resistive load is connected in system's output. In this way, it is verified that the energy processing device operated properly for the applied test conditions.

Keywords: Power Electronics
Abstract: The RCD (resistor-capacitor-diode) snubber is typically used in low-power applications to limit the maximum voltage stress across the semiconductor during turn off, although power dissipation occurs in the resistor with consequent reduction of efficiency. Even though it may not be an adequate solution for high power levels, it is still widely employed instead of soft switching circuits due to inherent simplicity. This work presents an optimized and practical step-by-step design procedure for an RCD snubber applied to a dc-dc buck-boost converter, which is not found in power electronics-related books. It is effectively shown how it is possible to design the snubber and the converter while maintaining acceptable voltage stresses across the switches with reduced losses. An experimental prototype is developed, as it is possible to validate the theoretical analysis properly.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Electrical Vehicle and Energy Storage, Renewable Energy
Abstract: This paper presents a bidirectional three-phase, three-level stacked neutral-point-clamped (3L-SNPC) converter for electric vehicle charging stations. The proposed architecture employs two distinct power sources i.e. photovoltaic (PV) modules and the ac utility grid. If rated power is required by the loads i.e. batteries, both sources are responsible for supplying them. Otherwise, if the demanded power is less than that generated by the PV source, the 3L-SNPC inverter is responsible for injecting the exceeding amount into the grid. The following advantages can be addressed to the proposed topology: a three-level voltage waveform exists across each leg and the neutral point, while filtering requirements are reduced; the voltage stresses on all semiconductors are equal to half of the total dc-link voltage; power factor is nearly unity in any operation mode; and the voltages across the dc-link capacitors are balanced. However, it aggregates regarding the existence of 18 switches, while the peak input voltage must be less than or equal to half of the total output voltage so that high power factor is obtained. In order to verify the operating principle of the converter, the current and voltage control loops are properly designed according with the following specifications: rms input voltage of 220 V; total output voltage of 800 V, power processed of 15 kW; and grid frequency of 60 Hz. Simulation results on a 15-kW converter are also presented and thoroughly discussed.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Smart Grids, Power Quality
Abstract: The study and use of solid state transformers (SST) has grown exponentially, and new technologies are being developed every day. The application of a series resonant converter in a SST allows improvement of its efficiency, through soft switching of the power switches. The present paper proposes a bidirectional topology capable of receiving an AC voltage in its input, and delivers the same AC voltage on its output through a series resonant converter and a push-pull AC-AC converter, with all switches operating with soft switching. The converter has three different switching elements and is capable of adjusting the output voltage level by changing the switching frequency. In this preliminary version of the paper, the description of the converter’s operation and simulation results are presented. A prototype is being built to be tested in laboratory.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Smart Grids
Abstract: An Isolated High Gain Multi-Input Converter (IHG-MIC) fed floating PV DC backbone microgrid catering to lake side recreational activities is presented in the paper. The proposed converter utilizes two units of tandem connected interleaved boost converter with multiplier cells converging at high frequency transformer to provide high voltage gain with intrinsic galvanic isolation. The converter facilitates the connection of low voltage floating PV panels with the 380V backbone DC microgrid as a module integrated approach. The low stress aggregation at the low side devices and interleaving of the inductor currents at the input stage allows highly efficient operation of the converter. Each unit of IHG-MIC feeding the power to the backbone DC microgrid avoid circulating and common mode current to offer non-interfering ambiance. The fast dynamics of the converter under partial shading of floating PV panels caused by the waves is discussed. The capability of fast variation of voltage gain of the proposed converter is demonstrated through simulated results in MATLAB environment. The comparison of improved efficiency of the proposed converter with the cascaded boost converter is drawn in terms of the variation in the duty cycle.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Power Systems, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: Equipment such as surge arrester are subject to various setbacks due to their exposure to adverse weather conditions. As a consequence of these setbacks, leaks of currents towards the ground can occur and cause accidents. In this way, high voltage tests are important to ensure the reliability of the equipment in the electrical system. As a benchmark for testing, IEC 60099-4 establishes the minimum reliability criteria for the operation of the surge arrester. In this context, the objective of this work is to perform Residual Voltage Tests in Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Surge Arrester of 69 kV and to compare the results with the data provided by the manufacturer which are based on the minimum criteria of IEC 60099-4. The methodology to obtain the results consisted in the measurement of residual voltage in the ZnO surge arrester the 69 kV for a current discharge of 5 kA and 10 kA using a Current Impulse Generator based on a Voltage Atmospheric Voltage Generator model SGD and reference data supplied by the manufacturer as well as the IEC 60099-4 standard. The measured residual voltage values were higher than the values guaranteed by the manufacturer according to the reference data. According to IEC 60099-4, the surge arrester can not be considered reliable and therefore is not capable of operating.

Keywords: Power Systems, Industry Applications
Abstract: The reduction of fuel costs in the production of electric power in Power Plants (PP) is one of the most significant problems in this industry. This problem is known as Optimization of the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD). The objective of this paper is to analyze the application of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) metaheuristics, considering the incremental cost of fuel and the shutdown of the engines with the highest fuel cost per MWh in UTEs whose installed capacity exceeds the required power demand. Several techniques have been developed to solve the problem of ELD, among them: lambda iteration method, gradient method, Newton method and so on. The results for this study with the application of ABC, considering the shutdown of the generators of higher cost per MWh, obtaining a mean reduction of 6.54% in the total fuel cost, compared to the classic solutions that use all engines of the UTE. In addition to cost reduction, this proposal helps the specialist responsible for the management of the UTE in the decision making of the preventive maintenance of the engines that are not being used at the moment of the optimization, improving not only the generation efficiency, but also the generation planning of the plant.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Draught survey is one of the widely used techniques to measure the amount of bulk cargo in freighter ships. To support the operator responsible for the draught reading process, as well as, to ensure the process impartiality and accuracy, this paper presents the development of a method, based on computer vision techniques, able to track, segment and recognize the draught marks. The proposed method was developed using techniques for feature extraction, edge detection and optical character recognition. It was tested using images from different ships taken at Tubarao Port in Vitoria-ES. Those images were taken from different positions at distinct hours of the day. For real-world images, which has directly aligned draught marks, the proposed method has accomplished an accuracy of 93%, what shows that the algorithm works satisfactorily under these conditions. Another aspect that raises even more the importance of this paper is the lack of others that aim to solve the same problem. Automatization of draught survey can bring great benefits to the bulk cargo loading process, which is of utmost importance to the global market.

Keywords: Power Quality, Industry Applications, Power Systems
Abstract: The optimization of passive filters in distribution systems has been presented by different computational methods. The objective of this paper is to develop a computational tool with NSGA II for selecting the configuration and design parameters of a set of passive filters for industrial electrical systems. As a methodology, the optimization problem was addressed using three independent objective functions of innovative character for compensation of harmonics through passive filters as a multiobjective problem. The results were the computational solution to this problem that determines a set of Pareto optimal solutions (Frontier). In addition, the computational tool has several new features such as: calculates the parameters that characterize the filters, but also selects the type of configuration and the number of branches of the filter in each candidate bar according to a set of pre-established configurations according to PRODIST-M8 and IEEE 519-2014. The results obtained determine solutions with good performance indicators for several characteristic and non-characteristic scenarios of the system that allow to represent: daily variations of the load, and variations of system parameters and filters. It evaluates the cost of energy bills in an industrial power grid that has different operating conditions (characteristic scenarios) and evaluates the economic effect of harmonic filters as reactive power compensators.

Keywords: Industry Applications
Abstract: The steelmaking industry is led by the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking process, where LD (Linz-Donawitz) converters are used to produce steel. During the process, foam is generated inside the converter by the reactions between the oxygen blow and the metallic charge. The foam formation is required for the process, but if it grows excessive, it can overflow out of the vessel top and cause serious problems to the whole process, thus controlling the foam formation is essential. The industry has different methods for detecting this event, but they can be unreliable in certain conditions. However, using more than one method together may produce a more consistent detection system. This work presents a method for slopping detection on LD converters using lance vibration that is part of a under development multi sensor system. A test bench was built for simulating the oxygen blow and experiments were performed to test the method. The results have shown a strong correlation between lance vibration and foam height, which made possible the foam height estimation and, thereafter, the slopping detection.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Power Systems, Power Quality
Abstract: During the switching of vacuum circuit breakers (VCB), transient overvoltages can happen and can damages and consequently to failures of equipment connected to them. This phenomenon is associated to intrinsic characteristics of the VCBs, as their dielectric strength, current chop, beyond specific characteristics of the protected circuit. To develop and validate a VCB model in the software ATP, the article gathers information about the characteristics of the circuit breakers and makes an analysis of its behavior based on published experimental results. After that, the behavior of the reference circuit was simulated, changing the models of the remaining components connected to the circuit breakers, as the use of different electrical models for components impact in the transient response obtained in simulations. This method aimed to find the most precise electrical models to be used in this kind of simulation.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Industry Applications
Abstract: In this paper, a methodology to decoupling evaluation and redesign of inverted decoupler is proposed. Using the first-order plus dead-time (FOPDT) for two-input/two-output (TITO) process, an initial inverted decoupler is design. It is evaluated and redesign to reach effective decoupling at the frequency of interest. The relay-based experiment is used. Simulation example is used to illustrate the methodology. In addition, the methodology is applied to a TITO laboratory-scale thermal process.

Keywords: Power Systems, Electrical Machines and Drives, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: With the constant increase of the use of photovoltaic systems in Distributed Generation (DG), it becomes increasingly necessary to study strategies that guarantee not only that the systems remain connected during electrical faults, but also that shows a good post-fault recovery performance. In fault conditions, the operating limits of the converters are typically reached, which can cause the associated controllers to windup, which may affect the final performance of the system dynamics. This paper presents an anti-windup strategy for the inverter control loops with the focus on the DC link voltage and reactive power control performance. The anti-windup strategy was simulated for the case of a 500-kW photovoltaic generation system. The anti-windup actions showed to improve post-fault performance by reducing the recovery time and eliminating large peaking variations of voltage, current, and active power. Besides, it also showed to avoid large and sudden variations of both DC link voltage and MPPT control action after fault clearance.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Artificial Intelligence, Power Systems
Abstract: Abstract—The significant penetration of renewable generation, mainly wind and solar, in the electrical system bring new challenges for power systems operation due to their dependency to weather conditions. In this perspective, this paper proposes an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach to identify operating conditions that can lead to voltage limits violation, enabling one to perform control actions in order to mitigate these scenarios. For this sake, the ANN approach determines the generating units responsible for the voltage limits violation, so that the system operator can determine whether or not the renewable unit(s) should stay connected to the system. The methodology was tested for the IEEE 34-bus system considering two renewables generators. The data are obtained employing Monte Carlo simulation with the help of a scanning backward/forward technique to obtain the load flow solution. The results indicate a robust methodology capable of assisting in decision making of renewable units’ operation in power system to avoid voltage violations.

Keywords: Renewable Energy, Automation and Process Control, Electrical Machines and Drives
Abstract: This work presents the development of a wind turbine emulator which consists of an induction motor driven by a frequency inverter. The aim of this paper is to propose a hardware setup, which allows testing wind energy systems for evaluation of power quality, reliability and performance in a laboratory environment. The wind turbine emulator algorithm was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink® software. Besides, the communication between this software and the workbench is guaranteed by a DSP TMS320F28335. Experimental results confirm that the wind turbine emulator performance was satisfactory, since it was capable to represent a real one.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control
Abstract: Over recent years the use of simulation has a growing demand for industrial applications. Globalization has increased competitiveness and companies are finding ways to improve the quality of their products, managing better the project implementation time, optimizing resources, among others. In this context, there is a demand for tools that can improve the processes and alternative method to simulate control in a simple and reliable way. Nevertheless, the available tools on the market are still difficult in measuring the impacts caused by problems related to the ways of transmission such as time-varying communication delays, slow and non-periodic updates, among other types of interference that cause difficulty to the performance of industrial controllers in process control. Another difficulty is finding ways to simulate functions of transfer that provide the scenarios analysis proximate to those found in the industry in application process networked control systems. Therefore, in this work it is intended to develop an embedded functional block regardless of technology, which allows simulate industrial processes of different characteristics considering the network communication delays involved. In order to validate this objective, the embedded Modbus protocol and a PID controller experimental results are presented. A comparison and evaluation of PID control in different simulation environments for application under sampling conditions and variable communications delays were performed. The results are analyzed from the point of view of control performance.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Industry Applications, Industry 4.0
Abstract: Abstract—Hydraulic pumping systems are ubiquitous in a wide range of industrial processes. However, such systems may exhibit dangerous pressure oscillations, which may lead to serious equipment damage and no programmed plant outage. In order to prevent equipment damage, this paper proposed a damping controller to mitigate dangerous pressure oscillations in hydraulic pumping systems. The controller design is based on frequency domain techniques. For implementation objectives, the resulting damping control law is then converted to discrete time domain by using Tustin´s methodology and, subsequently, embedded in a hardware built around a 32-bits ARM microcontroller. To assess the controller performance, experimental tests were developed on a laboratory scale pumping system comprised of a centrifugal pump driven by an induction motor-inverter set. The experimental results showed that the proposed controller provides an improve performance by mitigating the pressure oscillations in the tubes. Furthermore, the approach is of low-cost implementation in existing pumping systems.

Keywords: Automation and Process Control, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things
Abstract: Os sistemas embarcados estão em foco em diversas áreas, seja no setor industrial ou no domínio das aplicações para consumidores finais. A busca por formas mais eficientes para criação desses sistemas está ampla em discussão. Os esforços percorrem toda a cadeia de desenvolvimento, desde o design do hardware à construção do software. O presente artigo se destina a apresentar uma proposta para melhorar o desenvolvimento de programas embarcados: o usa da linguagem de programação Rust. Rust se descreve como uma linguagem segura, concorrente e prática. Analisando as especificidades envolvidas no desenvolvimento para embarcados percebe-se que Rust pode cobrir diversas lacunas deixadas pelas linguagens tradicionais, como C.

Keywords: Robotics and Mechatronics
Abstract: Neste trabalho se propõe um controlador para guiar uma formação de dois robôs móveis terrestres tipo monociclo (tração diferencial) para uma posição desejada. O movimento da formação é especificado no espaço da formação considerando a reta que une os dois robôs como tal figura geométrica a qual caracteriza o problema cuja posição desejada é definida pela posição do seu ponto médio, seu comprimento e sua orientação no plano de navegação. A partir desses dados, a posição desejada de cada robô é definida através de uma transformação do espaço da formação para o espaço dos robôs. Desta forma, cada robô é comandado a se mover de tal forma que a formação seja mantida. Resultados simulados e experimentais validam o controlador proposto.

Keywords: Robotics and Mechatronics
Abstract: This present work proposes the implementation of the particle filter in an embedded system to estimate the global location of a differential mobile robot in a structured environment. The algorithm developed in the LabVIEW™ software combines probabilistic models of the robot and its movement and is based on the information of an ultrasonic sensor to estimate the global pose of the robot. At the end of the article, simulated and practical results, conclusions and recommendations are presented

Keywords: Industry Applications, Automation and Process Control, Additive Manufaturing
Abstract: Computer Numerical Control is a technology made up of several blocks. The single most important of these blocks is the Control Unit, responsible for performing security checks, user interface, coordinating the motion, file handling and coordinating several peripherals usually used on CNC applications. Over the course of last years, embedded systems presented a huge improvement in processing power as well as easiness of use and application, given the advances in the open source and open hardware development community. The present paper presents the development process of a high-end embedded system based CNC controller, capable of operating including motion constraints up to the fourth order time derivative of position for each of the individual Cartesian axis.

Keywords: Industry Applications, Robotics and Mechatronics, Electrical Vehicle and Energy Storage
Abstract: This work presents the methodology and optimization of the project of an Aircraft whose mission is to monitor certain areas of Fernando de Noronha's archipelago, defined as Areas of Risk. Its objective is to help ongoing initiatives to detect illegal fishing boats, since they are threatening some of the species that are used to breed in the area. The geometric optimization of this project uses a metaheuristic algorithm, known as Simulated Annealing, which provides a configuration based on the merit function, parametrization, constraints and calculation routines, which encompasses the areas of Aerodynamics, Stability, Performance and Structure. The algorithm shows that it is able to find optimal solutions even when faced with various constraints. The result of the optimization is robust and both its geometry and performance meet the established criteria.

Keywords: Cybernetic Systems, Automation and Process Control
Abstract: A quadrotor is a flying machine which uses four spinning rotors attached to an airframe. Its flight control and stability are accomplished by controlling the thrust of each rotor. This paper focuses on the study of such machines, starting with a mathematical modeling and the control algorithm implementation. This work addresses the PD and PID methods. After that, the control systems are evaluated by comparing the performance of a classical poles placement method and a bio-inspired optimization approach - the genetic algorithm. The computational results showed that the use of a GA increases the general performance of the model to both controllers, being the PID the most adequate.